Sequential Observations for Multiple Subjects

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Sequential Observations for Multiple Subjects

If you are observing a situation like a discussion or an interview in which multiple subjects are present, but the order of (speaker-) Events is considered to be sequential the following setup allows for a laid-back way of coding.

The example presumes that you are observing some kind of 'speaker-turns' and it presumes that at least most of the time the turns occur sequentially. Incidental overlaps can be taken care of individually, either during the observation itself or afterward.

Code Definitions

The Coding System consists of at least 2 levels: the Speaker (Subject) and the type of utterance, maybe it also contains additional information about the topic, the way it was said etc.

It is possible to first log all speaker turns and add the additional information in a second pass, but this example describes the situation where all information you'd like to collect is entered in one pass.

Log Sequential Events

All observations are collected in the same DataSet, all Events are logged with the SPACEBAR and the SPACEBAR also starts and stops the video per Event.

Make sure the top-level Codes, in this example holding the Subjects or Speaker Codes, are opened in the Code Definitions dialog.

Verify that the current Coding Mode is set to Lexical (post-hoc).

Open the video(s) you want to observe and confirm the dialogs to link the video(s) to your data file.

Click btn_session_start to activate the Observation Mode.

Hit the SPACEBAR or click Start new Event in the Coding Panel to start the video and to log the start time of the first Event.

Watch the video and the moment the Subject changes, hit the SPACEBAR again. This time to PAUSE the video and log the Offset of the Event just passed.

While the video pauses, click your way through the codes, entering the Subject (Speaker), specifying the Type of utterance, the Topic and what else you are interested it.

All these Codes appear in the Coding Panel in the order they where linked using the Lexical Chains in the Code Definitions.

How to add more details to existing Events is explained in Log Codes in Existing Events.

Analysis per Session

Because all Events are logged into the same Set, all descriptive Statistics automatically show the totals per session.

The State-Space-Grid allows you to visualize some details per participant, for all participants simultaneously.

For statistics per Subject, you either need to build code combinations with the help of the command Move & Combine, or you simply split all data into separate Sets per Speaker (subject).

Analysis per Subject

Split into Sets per Subject

For a simple, subject-based overview of the various descriptive statistics per Code, splitting your data into separate Sets per Subject is the fastest way to get there:

Click Transform - Restructure - Data Btn_RestructureData - Group all Events according to a specific Code into DataSets .

Select the Class that holds the information on which the splitting should take place.

Confirm with OK to start the process.

Further details about other ways to split your data can be found in Split Events into Separate DataSets.

Combine Codes

You can build all kinds off aggregations by combining the Codes from one of multiple classes.

Click Transform - Codes - Move and Combine btn_movecodes to open the Move & Combine dialog.

Select the Classes you need to combine to get the combinations you require.

Enter a Target Class name to make sure the combinations are stored in a separate column.

Use only this new class for specific analysis routines.

Further details about combining Codes can be found in Move & Combine Codes.

Sequence Analysis

The Sequence Analysis always is run per Set on the Events and Codes currently visible in the Timeline Chart. The Lag Sequence Analysis routine searches for the first start time found and counts the start time that is found next as its successor.

A Sequence Analysis about the Speaker-turns, topic changes etc. during the session is therefore easy enough:

Click Analysis - Evaluation - Timeline Chart Btn_TLC_Chart_AllData in the toolbar.

Select ONLY a single Class (Subject or Topic or..) and confirm with OK.

Select the Sessions you want to analyze from the DataSets list and confirm your selection with OK.

The Timeline Chart displays the Events with the selected Codes.

Select the command Analysis - Sequential analysis from the menu within the Timeline Chart window.

All details about this routine, its results and settings can be found in the section Lag Sequential Analysis.

Note: Sequence Analysis is NOT part of INTERACT Light and INTERACT Basic. Contact our sales team at sales@mangold-international.com for information about the required additional license.

Per Subject

When you split your data, the sequence analysis for behavior per subject is usually easy enough. But make sure you only load Codes into the Timeline Chart that are relevant for the sequences you are looking for!

Per Session

Because the sequence analysis was designed for none overlapping Events, but having multiple Codes in a single Event looks like you are having multiple simultaneous Events on the time line, we'll need to make a new Code that combines all Codes per Event.

Use the Move & Combine Codes routine as described under Combine Codes and select all Classes that are relevant for your sequences.

Select only the new Class that holds a total combination of all Codes per Event.